The meta-model helps us to find clearer informations.

Distortions

Presuppositions – are assumptions in statements. Challenges:

1. Are you saying that…?
2. Are you assuming that…?

Mind reading – interpretation with no sensory basis. Challenges:

1. How do you know…?
2. What specifically do you mean by (interpretation)…?

Cause-effect – cause effect assumptions in responses. Challenges:

1. How can x make you do y…?
2. What did x do that prompted you to respond y…?

Complex equivelants – Distorted relationship  x means y . Challenges:

1. Does x really mean y…?
2. Are you sure x means y…?

Generalisations

Lost performatives – are unsupported statements. Challenges:

1. According to who…?
2. Who says…?

Modal operators of necessity – “should, ought, must, have to” statements. Challenges:

1. What would happen if you didn’t…? (or did)
2. What stops you from…?

Modal operators of possibility – “can’t, unable, impossible, have to” statements. Challenges move to more flexible language (might, could, possible, can may):

1. What stops you?
2. What would happen if you did…?

Universal qualifiers- “never, always, every , all” statements. Challenges:

1. Always?
2. Everyone?

Deletions

Nominalisations – are abstract nouns. By turning verbs to nouns, the concept become inflexible. De-nominalisation changes something back to an “ongoing” verb. Challenges:

1. What exactly do you mean by [word]?

Unspecified verbs –  generalised verbs may not be clear eg. “hurt, break” statements. Challenges:

1. How specifically did it…?
2. What exactly did …?

Comparative deletions –  comparative words with hidden comparisons. “better than, good, smart” statements. Challenges:

1. Compared to who…?
2. [Better] than what exactly …?

Simple deletions –  simply lost information…. Challenges involve capturing the lost information.

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This is a pattern for well-formed outcome, taken for Chris and Jules NLP Field Guide.

1. What do I want?
2. Is it achievable?
3. What is the evidence of success?
4. Is it in my control?
5. Are the costs and consequences in my control?
6. Do I have the resources?
7. If I could have it now, would I take it?

Read more at http://www.nlp.com.au/outcomes.htm

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These are some essential NLP patterns to practice:

1. Rapport, Pacing and Leading, and sensory acuity PRACTICE pacing and leading.
2. Perceptual positions PRACTICE going to 2nd and 3rd position.
3. Representational systems in language PRACTICE hearing and responding VAK.
4. Representational systems and eye cues PRACTICE responding to eye cues in same VAK
5. Circle of excellence (anchoring self) PRACTICE building context-specific performance states, based on past sensory memories
6. Calibration and “mind reading” PRACTICE getting high quality information eg. “How do you know that?”
7. Visual Anchoring (anchoring others) PRACTICE using visual anchors to anchors positive state
8. Auditory Anchoring (anchoring others) PRACTICE using visual anchors to anchor positive state
9. Well formed outcomes PRACTICE checking goals and outcome are well formed
10. Outcome Intention and Consequences PRACTICE checking if all 3 are aligned
11. Meta-model PRACTICE chunking down to specific and removing interpretations and distortions
12. Six-step reframe PRACTICE
13. Inner conflict PRACTICE negotiating between “parts”

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The basics of the 6 step reframe are:

1. Identify the behaviour to be changed
2. Set-up signals with the “part” that runs that behaviour
3. Identify a positive intent
4. Create a new range of alternative behaviours
5. Select the best three
6. Check for objections

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